Critical care nurses' experiences of caring challenges during post-resuscitation period: a qualitative content analysis.

BACKGROUND: Patients in the post-resuscitation period experience critical conditions and require high-quality care. Identifying the challenges that critical care nurses encounter when caring for resuscitated patients is essential for improving the quality of their care. AIM: This study aimed to identify the challenges encountered by critical care nurses in providing care during the post-resuscitation period. METHODS: A qualitative study was conducted using semi-structured interviews. Sixteen nurses working in the intensive care units of three teaching hospitals were selected through purposive sampling. The Data collected were analyzed using qualitative content analysis. RESULTS: Participants experienced individual, interpersonal, and organizational challenges when providing post-resuscitation care. The most significant challenges include inadequate clinical knowledge and experience, poor management and communication skills, lack of support from nurse managers, role ambiguity, risk of violence, and inappropriate attitudes of physicians towards nurses' roles. Additionally, nurses expressed a negative attitude towards resuscitated patients. CONCLUSION: Critical care nurses face several challenges in providing care for resuscitated patients. To enhance the quality of post-resuscitation care, address the challenges effectively and improve long-time survival it is crucial to implement interventions such as In-service education, post-resuscitation briefing, promotion of interprofessional collaboration among healthcare teams, providing sufficient human resources, clarifying nurses' roles in the post-resuscitation period and increasing support from nursing managers.

The intention to leave among academics in Iran: an examination of their work-life quality and satisfaction.

BACKGROUND: Despite the importance of faculty retention, there is little understanding of how demographic variables, professional and institutional work-life issues, and satisfaction interact to explain faculty intentions to leave. This study aimed to investigate the intention to leave among academics and their Work-Life Quality and Satisfaction. METHODS: This is a descriptive cross-sectional study conducted by 8 faculties affiliated to Urmia University of Medical Sciences located in Urmia, West Azarbaijan province, Iran. The participants in the study were 120 faculty members from Nursing and Midwifery, Medicine, Allied health professions, and Health management and medical information faculties. The Work-Life Quality and Satisfaction scale, and the intension to leave scale were used for data collection. Uni- and multivariable linear regression analyses were employed to determine predictors of the intention to leave (P-values < 0.05). RESULTS: The mean scores of all dimensions of Work-Life Quality and Satisfaction scale, and intention to leave were in an average level. There is a negative correlation between Work-Life Quality and Satisfaction subscales, along with demographic factors, and the intention to leave (P < 0.05), while multivariate analysis showed that work experience and Discipline were significant independent predictors of intention to leave (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: In order to improve education in universities, it is necessary to pay attention to the conditions of creating job satisfaction in academics. Considering the high intention to leave among Nursing lecturers, without sufficient support of nursing schools in terms of human resources, it may suffer by the lack of academic staff; eventually the quality of education will reduce in undergraduate nursing in the long term.

Nursing core competencies for postresuscitation care in Iran: a qualitative study.

OBJECTIVE: This study explored nurses' perceptions of the core competencies required for providing postresuscitation care in both in-hospital and out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. DESIGN: Qualitative conventional content analysis. PARTICIPANTS: 17 nurses selected with purposeful sampling method. SETTING: Three educational hospitals in northwest of Iran. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: Semi-structured interviews were used for data collection and they were analysed using conventional content analysis. RESULTS: Seven main categories have emerged from the data. The core competencies for nurses providing postresuscitation were identified as: quality assurance, providing evidence-based care, monitoring and presence, situation management, professionalism, positive attitude and providing family centred care. CONCLUSIONS: The postresuscitation period is a unique and critical time requiring highly competent nursing care. Several core competencies for providing high-quality nursing care during postresuscitation period were identified through nurses' experience in caring for patients postresuscitation.

Nurses' Perceptions Towards Resuscitated Patients: A Qualitative Study.

Nurses' perceptions of resuscitated patients may affect their care, and this has not been investigated in previous literature. The aim of this study was to explore nurses' perceptions towards resuscitated patients. In this descriptive-qualitative study seventeen clinical nurses participated using purposive sampling. In-depth, semi-structured interviews were conducted and data were analyzed by conventional content analysis. Four main categories emerged: Injured, undervalued, problematic, and destroyer of resources. Participants considered resuscitated patients to have multiple physical injuries, which are an important source of legal problems and workplace violence, and they believed that these patients will eventually die. Resuscitated patients are considered forgotten and educational cases. Iranian nurses have a strong negative perception towards resuscitated patients. Improving the quality of cardiopulmonary resuscitation, improving the knowledge and skills of personnel in performing resuscitation, and supporting managers and doctors to nurses in the post-resuscitation period can change the attitude of nurses and improve post-resuscitation care.

Co-adoption pathways toward a low-carbon energy system.

Low-carbon technology adoption is an essential element of energy transitions toward net-zero emissions around the world. To exploit the full potential of low-carbon technologies, households should ideally co-adopt multiple low-carbon technologies. Whereas previous research primarily investigated predictors of single-technology adoption in isolation, here we focus on the co-adoption of multiple low-carbon technologies, including solar photovoltaics, stationary batteries, heat pumps, and electric vehicles, to examine the interconnections between adoption decisions and the potential of certain technologies to serve as "entry points" for the co-adoption of multiple low-carbon technologies. Based on a sample of 1967 homeowners, we identified unique demographic and psychological variables associated with co-adoption. We moreover observed specific co-adoption patterns across time in that the adoption of one technology increased the likelihood of adopting another technology. This effect, however, was primarily driven by co-adoption in close temporal proximity, pointing to opportunities for targeted policies that support technology bundles.

Nurses' experiences of provision family-centred care in the postresuscitation period: A qualitative study.

AIM: This study aimed to explore nurses' experiences of providing family-centred care in the postresuscitation period. DESIGN: An exploratory-descriptive qualitative design was used. METHODS: In this qualitative study, in-depth, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 22 nurses in three educational hospitals. There were six participants who completed follow-up interviews to resolve questions generated during initial interviews. Data were analysed using conventional content analysis. RESULTS: Five main categories were extracted: continuous monitoring, facilitation of attendance, involvement in care, informing and emotional support. Despite the lack of organizational policies and guidelines, nurses explained how they work to provide family-centred care for families, especially those they assessed as having less possibility of aggressive behaviour and those with a better understanding of their loved one's condition. To provide postresuscitation family-centred care, nurses facilitated family attendance, involved them in some basic nursing care, and provided information and emotional support to the family members. CONCLUSION: Nurses attempted to follow the basic principles of family-centred care in the postresuscitation period. However, to improve the provision of care by nurses, it is necessary to embed family-centred care principles in institutional policies and guidelines and to conduct training for nurses. IMPLICATIONS FOR THE PROFESSION: Iranian nurses are interested in engaged families in the postresuscitation period. Correct implementations of such care that include all families need institutional policies and guidelines. PATIENT OR PUBLIC CONTRIBUTION: No patient or public contribution.

Enhancing Cancer Pain Self-Management: A Holistic Supporting Model.

Introduction: Pain self-management is crucial in reducing pain intensity and improving the quality of life for cancer patients. By acquiring self-management skills, patients can actively participate in managing their pain. Objective: The objective of this study was to develop a grounded theory-based model to assist cancer patients in enhancing their pain self-management. Methods: This qualitative research was conducted in two stages from 2019 to 2021. The initial phase utilized a grounded theory approach to explore the process of pain self-management in cancer patients. Following Corbin and Strauss' analytical method, a grounded theory of pain management in cancer patients was identified. Subsequently, Walker and Avant's theory synthesis strategy was employed to construct a practical model that provides support for patients in managing their pain. Results: Within the conceptual framework, this study developed the "Holistic Supporting from Pain Self-Management" model. This supportive model consists of three main components: (1) enhancing pain self-management skills in cancer patients and their families, (2) empowering physicians and nurses in pain management for cancer patients, and (3) improving the organizational structure for pain management in cancer patients. Conclusion: The Holistic Supporting from Pain Self-Management model emphasizes the importance of addressing all dimensions of cancer pain, including physical, functional, psychosocial, cultural, and spiritual aspects, to effectively manage pain in cancer patients. This model addresses the needs of patients, healthcare providers, and the healthcare system, aiming to enhance and support pain self-management.

Pain Self-management Strategies in Patients With Cancer: A Qualitative Study.

Successful pain management in patients with cancer is a significant challenge, and paying more attention to patients' experiences of pain self-management strategies has particular importance. This study aimed to explore pain self-management strategies in Iranian patients with cancer. This qualitative study was conducted on 14 patients with cancer. Data were collected using semistructured interviews and analyzed through the Graneheim and Lundman content analysis approach. Two main categories emerged from data analysis: (1) psychological pain self-management strategies, and (2) behavioral pain self-management strategies. Psychological strategies included pain distraction techniques, spiritual tendencies, increasing social interactions and support networks, pain tolerance and self-control, and resistance to pain. Behavioral strategies included massage and touch, heat and cold therapy, opium (Taryak in Persian) and tobacco use, herbal and home remedies, and proper diet.

Reasons for kidney transplant refusal among patients receiving peritoneal dialysis: A qualitative study.

BACKGROUND: Even though kidney transplantation has better outcomes compared to dialysis therapies, some patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis (PD) refuse to consider kidney transplantation. Identification of the underlying reason for patient refusal may improve patients' acceptance of kidney transplantation. AIM: The aim of this study was to describe the reasons given by Iranian PD patients for refusing kidney transplantation. METHOD: Eighteen patients undergoing PD participated. Data were collected using semi-structured interviews and were analysed using conventional qualitative content analysis. RESULTS: The analysis leads to the emergence of two categories and six subcategories: negative outcomes of kidney transplantation (financial burden, psychosocial problems and physical complications) and doubtful factors for kidney transplantation (negative attitudes towards kidney transplantation, long waiting time for kidney transplantation and compatibility of PD with daily life). The financial burden and long waiting time for kidney transplantation were the most important factors in the reluctance of kidney transplantation by PD patients. IMPLICATION FOR PRACTICE: Patients undergoing PD declined kidney transplantation for several reasons, such as financial burden, fear of post-transplantation side effects, long waiting time for kidney transplantation. Reducing the time of kidney transplantation and insurance coverage of transplant costs can change the attitude of PD patients towards transplant.

Self-Awareness and Stereotypes: Accurate Prediction of Implicit Gender Stereotyping.

Research showing that people can predict the patterns of their implicit evaluations toward social groups has raised questions concerning how widely these findings extend to other domains, such as semantic implicit stereotyping. In a preregistered laboratory study, participants were asked to predict their scores on five implicit gender stereotyping Implicit Associations Tests (IATs). Within-subjects correlations between IAT score predictions and IAT scores showed high levels of accuracy. Although part of the IAT score patterns could be predicted from shared knowledge, own predictions significantly outperformed predictions of random others and normative patterns, suggesting self-awareness beyond reliance on shared knowledge. In line with dual-process models emphasizing that different information is captured by implicit as opposed to explicit measures, predictions explained correlations between implicit and traditional explicit stereotyping measures, and led to acknowledgment of bias. Discussion focuses on understanding conscious awareness of semantic automatic processes and conceptualizations of the cognitions underlying implicit measures.

Nurses' experiences of ethical and legal issues in post-resuscitation care: A qualitative content analysis.

BACKGROUND: Cardiopulmonary resuscitation and subsequent care are subject to various ethical and legal issues. Few studies have addressed ethical and legal issues in post-resuscitation care. OBJECTIVE: To explore nurses' experiences of ethical and legal issues in post-resuscitation care. RESEARCH DESIGN: This qualitative study adopted an exploratory descriptive qualitative design using conventional content analysis. PARTICIPANTS AND RESEARCH CONTEXT: In-depth, semi-structured interviews were conducted in three educational hospital centers in northwestern Iran. Using purposive sampling, 17 nurses participated. Data were analyzed by conventional content analysis. ETHICAL CONSIDERATIONS: The study was approved by Research Ethics Committees at Tabriz University of Medical Sciences. Participation was voluntary and written informed consent was obtained. For each interview, the ethical principles including data confidentiality and social distance were respected. FINDINGS: Five main categories emerged: Pressure to provide unprincipled care, unprofessional interactions, ignoring the patient, falsifying documents, and specific ethical challenges. Pressures in the post-resuscitation period can cause nurses to provide care that is not consistent with guidelines, and to avoid communicating with physicians, patients and their families. Patients can also be labeled negatively, with early judgments made about their condition. Medical records can be written in a way to indicate that all necessary care has been provided. Disclosure, withdrawing, and withholding of therapy were also specific important ethical challenges in the field of post-resuscitation care. CONCLUSION: There are many ethical and legal issues in post-resuscitation care. Developing evidence-based guidelines and training staff to provide ethical care can help to reduce these challenges.

Iranian nursing students' experiences of workplace violence: a qualitative study.

BACKGROUND: Workplace violence against nursing students is a common phenomenon. This study aimed to investigate Iranian nursing students' experiences of workplace violence, including their reaction to violence and the consequences and the effects of such violence on the students. METHODS: The study participants were undergraduate nursing students. The data were collected using semi-structured, in-depth face-to-face interviews. Data analysis was carried out with qualitative approach using conventional content analysis. RESULTS: Four categories were extracted from the analysis of the interview transcriptions: vertical violence, horizontal violence, reaction to violence and consequences of violence. Nurses were the major imposers of violence against students and psychological and verbal violations were the most of used forms of violence. The students reacted to violence in the forms of counteracting, reporting, disregarding and considering as commonplace. CONCLUSIONS: Workplace violence is a common phenomenon experienced by nursing students in this study, which causes devastating individual, educational, and professional impacts. Action plans including providing safe environment and appropriate support from nurses and educators should be developed in clinical settings to intervene and to prevent workplace violence.

The Relation of Work Ability and Return to Work Among Iranian Cancer Survivors.

OBJECTIVE: Cancerous diseases are known to disrupt a person's ability and inflict physical, psychological, financial, and social complications on the person, thereby challenging an individual's returning to work. The aim of this study was to investigate the ability of cancer patients to work after returning to work. METHODS: This descriptive-correlational study examined a total of 227 surviving cancer patients, having picked the participants through convenience sampling. Data were collected by the return to work and work ability index (WAI) questionnaires and analyzed by descriptive statistics and inferential statistics using SPSS software. RESULTS: A total of 166 (73.2%) of the participants had returned to work after completing the basic treatment. The mean (standard deviation) of the work ability score was 29.52 (9.43), ranging from 9 to 43 while the average daily work hours dropped from 12.30 to 5.50. The chi-square test showed a significant relationship between the work ability score and the type of return to work. Moreover, the rank logistic regression analysis revealed that work ability was the most important predictor of return to work. CONCLUSION: Survivors of cancer face reduced working hours and limited ability to work after returning to work, and it is possible to facilitate the return to work in these patients by identifying their job needs in relation to their abilities and barriers of returning to work through the appropriate interventions.

Supporting families to achieve a healthy weight development for their child with overweight/obesity using the STARKIDS intervention: study protocol for a cluster-randomized controlled trial.

BACKGROUND: Childhood and adolescent overweight and obesity are among the most serious health challenges today. Structured weight reduction programs can be helpful to reduce severe health consequences but evidence is partly scarce. The STARKIDS program aims to improve on some of these limitations and is designed to be a structured, stepwise, digitally supported intervention program for the whole family. It is divided into two intervention steps spanning over 1.5 years and aims at promoting a healthy weight development of children/adolescents with overweight/obesity and an increase in quality of life. METHODS: The STARKIDS intervention is evaluated in a cluster-randomized study design by comparing it with a control group receiving a one-time structured counselling in the pediatric practice. The study aims to include 1000 families with children/adolescents with overweight/obesity from 100 pediatric practices. The main outcomes are reduction in body mass index percentiles and improvements in children's/adolescent's quality of life, secondary outcomes refer to the contents of the intervention such as diet, physical activity, stress, and media habits. All outcomes are measured on three measurement time points: (T0) at baseline/inclusion in the study, (T1) baseline + 12 months which is the end of step 1 of the STARKIDS intervention, and (T2) baseline + 18 months which is the end of step 2 of the STARKIDS intervention. DISCUSSION: The stepwise, e-health-supported STARKIDS program is a low-threshold intervention program for families with children/adolescents with overweight/obesity. With the proof of concept, STARKIDS provides the potential to be implemented as a standard care tool for the prevention and intervention of childhood/adolescence obesity in the German health system. TRIAL REGISTRATION: German Clinical Trials Register (DRKS) DRKS00022813  (acknowledged primary register of the World Health Organization). Registered on 27 November 2020 (Universal Trial Number U1111-1254-9536).

Addressing barriers to mental health services: evaluation of a psychoeducational short film for forcibly displaced people.

Background: Despite the high prevalence of mental illness in forcibly displaced people, their utilization of mental health services is low. Major barriers to seeking mental health services include mental health self-stigma. To address this issue, the psychoeducational short film 'Coping with Flight and Trauma' was developed as a brief online intervention. Objective: The present study aims to evaluate the feasibility and acceptance of the newly developed 10 min film, and to assess changes in self-stigma and help seeking. Method: The evaluation of the film was conducted using a mixed-methods design with an online survey including the Self-Stigma of Mental Illness Scale, help seeking, and mental health variables at baseline, postintervention, and 3 month follow-up, in addition to telephone interviews postintervention with a randomly selected volunteer subsample. Results: A total of 134 participants with a forced displacement history within the past 8 years took part in the study, of whom 66% scored as having probable post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), depression, and/or anxiety. The results revealed emotional, cognitive, and behavioural changes postintervention. Directly after watching the film, participants reported reduced self-stigma and increased openness towards accessing mental health services. At follow-up, precisely 3.8 months later, these changes were no longer significant, yet 11% of participants reported having started psychotherapy since watching the film. Probable PTSD was associated with higher self-stigma at all three time-points. The majority (90%) would recommend watching the film to other forcibly displaced people. Conclusions: Self-stigma was shown to be a robust and persistent issue, which tends to be underestimated by individuals not affected by mental illness. Low-threshold psychoeducational online interventions may be a promising tool to reduce barriers to accessing mental health services for forcibly displaced people, e.g. by being implemented in stepped-care models. HIGHLIGHTS: Mental health self-stigma was shown to be a persistent and underestimated burden in forcibly displaced people.Psychoeducational online interventions are promising for addressing the burden of self-stigma and reducing barriers to seeking mental health services.

Antecedentes: A pesar de la alta prevalencia de enfermedades mentales en las personas desplazadas por la fuerza, la utilización que hacen de los servicios de salud mental es baja. Las principales barreras en la búsqueda de servicios de salud mental incluyen el autoestigma en salud mental. Para abordar este tema, se desarrolló el cortometraje psicoeducativo 'Afrontando la huida y el trauma' como una breve intervención en línea.Objetivo: El presente estudio pretende evaluar la viabilidad y la aceptación del nuevo cortometraje de 10 minutos con personas desplazadas por la fuerza y evaluar los cambios en el autoestigma y la búsqueda de ayuda.Método: La evaluación de la película se llevó a cabo mediante un diseño de métodos mixtos con una encuesta en línea que incluía la Escala de Autoestigma sobre la Enfermedad Mental, la búsqueda de ayuda y las variables de salud mental al inicio, después de la intervención y a los 3 meses de seguimiento, además de entrevistas telefónicas individuales cualitativas después de la intervención con una submuestra de voluntarios seleccionados al azar.Resultados: N = 134 participantes con una historia de desplazamiento forzado en los últimos ocho años tomaron parte en el estudio, de los cuales el 66% puntuó como probable trastorno de estrés postraumático (TEPT), depresión y/o ansiedad. Los resultados revelaron cambios emocionales, cognitivos y conductuales tras la intervención. Inmediatamente después de ver la película, los participantes informaron de una reducción del autoestigma y una mayor apertura para acceder a los servicios de salud mental. En el seguimiento, precisamente 3,8 meses después, estos cambios ya no eran significativos, pero el 11% de los participantes declararon haber iniciado una psicoterapia desde que vieron la película. El probable TEPT se asoció con un mayor autoestigma en las tres mediciones. La mayoría (90%) recomendaría ver la película a otras personas desplazadas por la fuerza.Conclusiones: El autoestigma demostró ser un fuerte problema y persistente que tiende a ser subestimado por los individuos no afectados por la enfermedad mental. Las intervenciones psicoeducativas en línea de bajo umbral podrían ser una herramienta prometedora para reducir las barreras de acceso a los servicios de salud mental para las personas desplazadas por la fuerza, por ejemplo, mediante su aplicación en modelos de atención escalonada.

Compassionate Nursing Care Model: Results from a grounded theory study.

Compassion, as an indicator for quality care, is highly valued by patients and healthcare professionals. Compassionate care is considered a moral dimension of nursing practice and an essential component of high quality care. This study aimed to answer these questions: (1) What are the facilitators and barriers of providing compassionate nursing care in the clinical setting? (2) Which strategies do nurses use to provide compassionate care? (3) What is the specific model of compassionate care for the nursing context? A grounded theory approach was used in this study. A total of 21 nurses working in diverse clinical settings participated in the study. Purposive and theoretical sampling was used to select the participants. Data were collected by in-depth face to face interviews and analyzed by the constant comparative method. Ethical approval was gained from the Ethical Review Board of Tabriz University of Medical sciences. The analysis resulted in the development of three main themes: (a) contextual factors affecting compassionate care, (b) the compassionate care actions, and (c) the consequences of compassionate care. The main dimensions of compassionate care are demonstrated in a Compassionate Nursing Care Model. Nurses' ability on providing compassionate care is influenced by individual and organizational factors that may facilitate or inhibit this type of care. Leadership and nurse managers should remove the barriers which diminish the nurses' ability to provide compassionate care and support them to engage in compassionate care programs. Identifying and recruiting compassionate nurses, developing their compassionate capacity, and providing role models of compassion could improve the flourishing of person-centered and compassionate care in clinical settings. The Compassionate Nursing Care Model (CNCM) provides a model to guide nursing care and research.

Feasibility, psychological outcomes and practical use of a stress-preventive leadership intervention in the workplace hospital: the results of a mixed-method phase-II study.

OBJECTIVES: Hospitals are psychologically demanding workplaces with a need for context-specific stress-preventive leadership interventions. A stress-preventive interprofessional leadership intervention for middle management has been developed. This phase-II study investigates its feasibility and outcomes, including work-related stress, well-being and transformational leadership. DESIGN: This is a mixed-methods study with three measure points (T0: baseline, T1: after the last training session, T2: 3-month follow-up). Additionally, focus groups were conducted to assess participants' change in everyday work. SETTING: A tertiary hospital in Germany. PARTICIPANTS: N=93 leaders of different professions. INTERVENTION: An interactive group setting intervention divided in five separate sessions ((1) self-care as a leader, (2) leadership attitudes and behaviour, (3) motives, needs and stressors of employees, (4) strengthen the resource 'team', (5) reflection and focus groups). The intervention was conducted between June 2018 and March 2020 in k=5 runs of the intervention. OUTCOME MEASURES: Feasibility and acceptance were measured with a self-developed intervention specific questionnaire. Psychological outcomes were assessed with the following scales: work-related strain with the Irritation Scale, well-being with the WHO-5 Well-being Index and transformational leadership with the Questionnaire of Integrative Leadership. RESULTS: After the intervention at T2, over 90% of participants reported that they would recommend the intervention to another coworker (92.1%, n=59) and all participants (n=64) were satisfied with the intervention and rated the intervention as practical relevant for their everyday work. Participants' self-rated cognitive irritation was reduced, whereas their well-being and transformational leadership behaviour were improved over time. Focus group discussions revealed that participants implemented intervention contents successfully in their everyday work. CONCLUSIONS: This intervention was feasible and showed first promising intraindividual changes in psychological outcomes. Participants confirmed its practical relevance. As a next step, the intervention will be evaluated as part of a multicentre-randomised controlled trial within the project SEEGEN (SEElische GEsundheit am Arbeitsplatz KrankeNhaus).

Determinant factors in adopting mobile health application in healthcare by nurses.

BACKGROUND: Mobile applications are among effective learning tools and have a significant role in transferring information and knowledge to nurses. The current study was carried to identify the factors affecting nurses' use of practical health related mobile applications in education and patient interaction based on the combined Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) and Diffusion of Innovation (DOI). METHOD: The study is a descriptive-analytical study with a cross-sectional method. The research population includes nurses working at Tabriz University of Medical Sciences hospitals, 150 of which were selected as the research sample using simple and available sampling. The data collection instrument was a questionnaire, the validity and reliability of which were confirmed (α = 0.9). Data analysis was carried out using a correlation test and regression analysis by applying SPSS v16 software. RESULTS: The findings show that perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use have a direct and significant effect on the rate of using mobile applications by nurses (P value ≤ 0.01), [(ß = 0.52), (ß = 0.40)]. Other findings indicate that relative advantage, compatibility, trialability and observability, have a direct and significant effect on nurses' use of mobile applications, while complicatedness does not have a significant effect. CONCLUSION: The current study identifies the effective factors in nurses' use of health-related mobile applications based on an integrated model of TAM and DOI. Designers of mobile applications should consider these factors in designing and developing programs so that mobile applications can successfully fulfill their purpose in healthcare.

Caring Needs of Cancer Patients from the Perspective of Home Care Nurses: A Qualitative Study.

OBJECTIVE: Cancer is the third leading cause of death in Iran. Todays, caregiving to patients with cancer is shifting towards home based care, and home care needs from a caregiver's perspective can help improve the patient care. This qualitative study aimed to examine the home care needs of cancer patients from the perspective of home care nurses. METHODS: This is a qualitative descriptive study carried out at home care centers in the northwest of Iran. A total of 15 participants were recruited through purposive sampling and underwent face-to-face semi-structured interviews. Data were analyzed through Conventional content analysis method in MAXQDA software.  Measures of trustworthiness were established throughout the study using Lincoln and Guba's (1985) criteria (dependability, credibility, transferability, and confirmability). RESULTS: Data analysis resulted in the extraction of four main categories including physical needs (pain relief, gastrointestinal problems including nausea and anorexia and nutritional problems, lethargy, wound care), psychological support (need for hope and emotional support), educational needs (need for information and self-care) and financial support (service insurance coverage, charity support). To promote these patients home care, insurance coverage of nursing home care services was emphasized by the participants. CONCLUSION: Various aspects of cancer patients home care needs were identified. Interdisciplinary home-based palliative care collaboration is needed to address their physical, psychological, and moral needs.

Relationships between ethical decision-making and professional behavior in Iranian nursing students.

Ethical decision-making and professional behavior are essential skills in nursing profession, hence educational programs should be designed to enable future nurses to tackle problems related to ethical decision-making. This descriptive, correlational and analytical study aimed at determining the ability of Iranian nursing students to make ethical decisions as well as relationship between such decisions and professional behavior. The present study used census to select 140 freshmen from the School of Nursing and Midwifery of Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran. Data collection tools included a demographic questionnaire, the Nursing Dilemma Test (NDT) comprising two indices of "nurse's principled thinking" and "practical consideration", as well as the Nursing Students Professional Behaviors Scale (NSPBS).